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What is the difference between sucrose, dextrose, sugar and saccharose?

The official chemical name of common table sugar is saccharose, or in English sucrose. The three are thus synonyms. The word sugar is identical to a group of closely related chemicals, the carbohydrates. Chemically, saccharose is a combination of two smaller carbohydrates, glucose and fructose. The English word for glucose is dextrose. Thus, dextrose is a different sugar and a component of sucrose. Fructose is also called levulose or fruit sugar.

Images from: http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/lm/sugars/sucrose.gif